UN Human rights chief Volker Türk warned that the "risk of further large-scale, ethnically motivated violations and atrocities in el-Fasher is mounting by the day".
Communication lines to el-Fasher have been almost completely cut off, while those who managed to flee are enduring harrowing hours filled with fear and uncertainty.
The UN's top humanitarian official Tom Fletcher said he was deeply alarmed at the reports of civilian casualties.
"With fighters pushing further into the city and escape routes cut off, hundreds of thousands of civilians are trapped and terrified - shelled, starving, and without access to food, healthcare, or safety," Fletcher said in a statement.
Read more from BBC News
By Barbara Plett Usher, Africa correspondent
and Richard Kagoe, Africa editor, BBC World Service
Published Monday 27 October 2025, 08:42 GMT - full copy:
UN pleads for safe passage for civilians trapped in war-hit Sudan city
IMAGE SOURCE, AFP VIA GETTY IMAGES. Image caption,
Hundreds of thousands of people have been forced to flee their homes because of the conflict in Sudan
The UN has called for safe passage for trapped civilians out of the Sudanese city of el-Fasher after paramilitary fighters announced they had seized control of the army's main base there.
Sudan's military has not acknowledged loss of the site, which would be a significant victory for the Rapid Support Forces (RSF) in the ongoing civil war.
UN chief António Guterres said the latest fighting marked a "terrible escalation" in the conflict, adding that the suffering of civilians was "unbearable", AFP news agency reports.
El-Fasher is the last army foothold in the vast western region of Darfur, and has been besieged by the RSF and its allies for 18 months.
Heavy fighting has been reported since Saturday after RSF fighters captured the home of the North Darfur governor.
UN Human rights chief Volker Türk warned that the "risk of further large-scale, ethnically motivated violations and atrocities in el-Fasher is mounting by the day".
The Sudanese Doctors' Network said the RSF had already carried out ethnically motivated killings of dozens of people in the city and had looted medical facilities and pharmacies.
Imran Abdullah, an adviser to the RSF commander, denied the group's fighters were targeting civilians.
"On the contrary, they are the sole guarantor and protector of all those fleeing conflict areas, particularly in el-Fashir," he told BBC Arabic's Middle East Lifeline radio programme.
Social media videos verified by the BBC now show RSF combatants celebrating the capture of the army's el-Fasher headquarters.
They claim to have seized full control of the city, but the army's local allies say fighting continues in some parts.
Communication lines to el-Fasher have been almost completely cut off, while those who managed to flee are enduring harrowing hours filled with fear and uncertainty.
"We've witnessed many of our relatives being massacred - they were gathered in one place and all killed. Now we have no idea what has happened to those who are still alive," one man told the BBC.
Another resident who fled said they were "extremely worried, as we still have no information about what has happened to the people inside el-Fasher - the children, the elderly, the wounded".
The RSF has been accused of targeting civilians in airstrikes and trapping nearly 250,000 people after encircling the city with an earth wall, leaving many on the brink of starvation.
The city is one of the worst battlegrounds of Sudan's civil war, leading the UN to call it an "epicentre of suffering".
The UN's top humanitarian official Tom Fletcher said he was deeply alarmed at the reports of civilian casualties.
"With fighters pushing further into the city and escape routes cut off, hundreds of thousands of civilians are trapped and terrified - shelled, starving, and without access to food, healthcare, or safety," Fletcher said in a statement.
"Civilians must be allowed safe passage and be able to access aid," he added.
The US has also called for safe passage and is trying to negotiate a ceasefire.
Taking el-Fasher would be a crucial comeback for the RSF after defeat in Khartoum.
But it is likely a sign that the civil war will continue, not end.
Sudan has been ravaged by conflict since 2023, after top commanders of the RSF and Sudanese army fell out and a vicious power struggle ensued.
More than 150,000 people have died across the country and about 12 million have fled their homes, creating one of the worst humanitarian crises.
The army controls most of the north and the east, with el-Fasher being until now the last major urban centre in Darfur still held by government forces and its allies.
The RSF controls almost all of Darfur and much of the neighbouring Kordofan region.
The group has previously said that it hopes to form a rival government in el-Fasher when it assumes complete control.
Additional reporting by Natasha Booty, Damian Zane, Danai Nesta Kupemba and Peter Mwai
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More BBC stories on Sudan:
Sudan's fertile region where food is rotting amid famine and war
A simple guide to the war in Sudan
Inside Khartoum, a city left in ruins after two years of war
'Our children are dying': Rare footage shows plight of civilians in besieged Sudan city
A pregnant woman's diary of escape from war zone: 'I prayed the baby wouldn't come'
View original: https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/c4gw8w73lngo
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